Files
NawfalMotii79-PLFM_RADAR/9_Firmware/9_3_GUI/radar_protocol.py
T
Jason 79a9353456 fix(usb): C-9 — GUI bulk-frame parser for FT2232H + clamp inert flag bits
The GUI's radar_protocol.py parsed 11-byte legacy packets only. The
production board (50T, USB_MODE=1) emits ~35 KB bulk frames from
usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v, so the legacy parser saw a random walk
of false 11-byte boundaries through bulk data — no usable display on
production hardware.

Bulk parser added (radar_protocol.py):
- parse_bulk_frame validates header, reserved bits, n_range=512,
  n_doppler=32, footer-at-flag-derived-offset; unpacks range_profile
  / doppler_mag / cfar_dense per the format-flags byte.
- find_bulk_frame_boundaries is the bulk counterpart of
  find_packet_boundaries; status packets (0xBB) handled in the same
  stream since FT2232H emits them too.
- RadarAcquisition dispatches on isinstance(conn, FT2232HConnection):
  bulk path skips the per-sample state machine and fills RadarFrame
  in one shot. FT601 / 200T keeps legacy 11-byte (USB 3.0 has 50x
  bandwidth headroom; per-sample format is correct and already works).
- RadarFrame.mag_only flag carries the wire's mag_only bit so
  downstream consumers can skip I/Q panels cleanly.
- FT2232HConnection._mock_read now emits synthetic bulk frames
  (was misleading legacy 11-byte).

RTL alignment (AUDIT-C9 RTL stub option):
- usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v header no longer promises the
  unimplemented mag_only=0 (full-I/Q) and sparse_det=1 paths;
  explicit INERT FLAGS note distinguishes the two reasons:
    * Full-I/Q is constrained by hardware — needs ~28-BRAM18 I/Q
      buffer (50T currently 78% BRAM utilised after FFT IP) AND
      USB 2.0 bandwidth (12.21 MB/s vs 8 MB/s conservative budget).
    * Sparse-list is feasible — smaller than dense for typical
      scenes (<341 detections), ~1 BRAM18 cost. Just unimplemented
      RTL work (small list BRAM + new WR_DETECT_SPARSE state).
- New SIMULATION-only assertion fires if stream_mag_only ever
  becomes 0 or stream_sparse_det ever becomes 1 — backstop for
  any future regression that bypasses the host-register clamp.
- radar_system_top.v opcode 0x04 force-clamps mag_only=1 and
  sparse_det=0 in host_stream_control when USB_MODE=1, so a
  Custom-Command host write can't push the FPGA into a wire-format
  vs FSM divergence.

Bandwidth math (verified for 27c9c22+):
  Frame rate = 1 / (16x167 us + 175.4 us + 16x175 us) = ~178 fps
  Mag-only frame = 8+1024+32768+2048+1 = 35849 B = 6.38 MB/s
  FT2232H 245-Sync-FIFO sustained budget (FTDI AN_232B-04
  conservative): 8 MB/s. Headroom 20%.

Tests: test_GUI_V65_Tk.py TestBulkFrameParser — 18 new cases covering
round-trip per stream-flag combo, header/footer/n_range/n_doppler/
reserved-bit/truncation rejection, multi-frame boundaries, bulk+status
mixed streams, byte-drop resync, dispatch-by-connection-type,
ingest-to-RadarFrame end-to-end. GUI 117/117 PASS, v7 83/83 PASS,
FPGA quick regression 29/29 PASS, ruff clean.

Refs: AUDIT-C9 (GUI parses legacy 11-byte vs FT2232H bulk).
Follow-ups (separate patches):
  - Sparse-detection write FSM (~1 BRAM18 + ~100 RTL lines).
    Bandwidth- and memory-feasible; just unimplemented work.
  - Full-I/Q write FSM. Constrained: needs ~28-BRAM18 I/Q buffer
    AND USB 2.0 bandwidth headroom (50T post-FFT-IP at 78% BRAM).
2026-04-29 15:12:04 +05:45

1129 lines
45 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
AERIS-10 Radar Protocol Layer
===============================
Pure-logic module for USB packet parsing and command building.
No GUI dependencies — safe to import from tests and headless scripts.
USB transports + wire formats (these intentionally diverge):
FT2232H USB 2.0 (50T production board, USB_MODE=1, default)
Bulk per-frame format from `usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v`. One header
+ variable-length sections + footer per Doppler frame. The bulk format
exists because USB 2.0's ~8 MB/s sustained ceiling cannot carry the
production frame rate (~178 fps x 35849 B = 6.4 MB/s) at per-sample
granularity. Wire layout:
[0xAA][flags 1B][frame_num 2B][n_range 2B][n_doppler 2B]
[range_profile 1024 B if flags.stream_range]
[doppler_mag 32768 B if flags.stream_doppler] # mag_only=1 only
[cfar_dense 2048 B if flags.stream_cfar] # sparse_det=0 only
[0x55]
Production FPGA today only emits mag_only=1 + dense-bitmap CFAR; the
flag bits for full-I/Q (mag_only=0) and sparse-detection-list
(sparse_det=1) are reserved for a future RTL extension and currently
force-clamped to 1 and 0 respectively in `radar_system_top.v` opcode
0x04 handler when USB_MODE=1.
FT601 USB 3.0 (200T premium board, USB_MODE=0)
Per-sample 11-byte legacy format from `usb_data_interface.v`. USB 3.0
has ~50x the bandwidth headroom (~360 MB/s practical), so the lighter
per-sample format is fine and offers easier resync after byte drops.
Wire layout (per sample, 16384 samples per frame):
[0xAA][range_q 2B][range_i 2B][dop_re 2B][dop_im 2B][det 1B][0x55]
where det byte = {frame_start, 6'b0, cfar_detection}.
Status (both transports): [0xBB][6x32b status words][0x55] = 26 B.
RX (Host → FPGA, both transports)
4 bytes per command: {opcode[7:0], addr[7:0], value[15:8], value[7:0]}.
The GUI parser handles both formats; `RadarAcquisition` dispatches on
connection type (FT2232HConnection → bulk; FT601Connection → legacy).
"""
import struct
import time
import threading
import queue
import logging
import contextlib
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, ClassVar
from enum import IntEnum
import numpy as np
log = logging.getLogger("radar_protocol")
# ============================================================================
# Constants matching usb_data_interface.v
# ============================================================================
HEADER_BYTE = 0xAA
FOOTER_BYTE = 0x55
STATUS_HEADER_BYTE = 0xBB
# Packet sizes
DATA_PACKET_SIZE = 11 # 1 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1
STATUS_PACKET_SIZE = 26 # 1 + 24 + 1
NUM_RANGE_BINS = 512
NUM_DOPPLER_BINS = 32
NUM_CELLS = NUM_RANGE_BINS * NUM_DOPPLER_BINS # 16384
WATERFALL_DEPTH = 64
# AUDIT-C9: FT2232H bulk-frame wire format constants. Mirrors
# usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v; if the RTL header changes, update both sides.
BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = 8 # AA + flags + fnum2 + nr2 + nd2
BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES = NUM_RANGE_BINS * 2 # 512 x 2 = 1024
BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES = NUM_CELLS * 2 # 16384 x 2 = 32768
BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES = NUM_CELLS // 8 # 16384 / 8 = 2048
BULK_FOOTER_SIZE = 1
BULK_FRAME_MIN_SIZE = BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + BULK_FOOTER_SIZE # 9
BULK_FRAME_MAX_SIZE = (BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES
+ BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES + BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES
+ BULK_FOOTER_SIZE) # 35849
# Bulk-frame format flag bits (matches stream_ctrl_sync_1 layout in RTL).
BULK_FLAG_STREAM_RANGE = 0x01
BULK_FLAG_STREAM_DOPPLER = 0x02
BULK_FLAG_STREAM_CFAR = 0x04
BULK_FLAG_MAG_ONLY = 0x08 # Forced 1 by RTL; full-I/Q write FSM not implemented.
BULK_FLAG_SPARSE_DET = 0x10 # Forced 0 by RTL; sparse-list write FSM not implemented.
class Opcode(IntEnum):
"""Host register opcodes — must match radar_system_top.v case(usb_cmd_opcode).
FPGA truth table (from radar_system_top.v lines 902-944):
0x01 host_radar_mode 0x14 host_short_listen_cycles
0x02 host_trigger_pulse 0x15 host_chirps_per_elev
0x03 host_detect_threshold 0x16 host_gain_shift
0x04 host_stream_control 0x20 host_range_mode
0x10 host_long_chirp_cycles 0x21-0x27 CFAR / MTI / DC-notch
0x11 host_long_listen_cycles 0x28-0x2C AGC control
0x12 host_guard_cycles 0x30 host_self_test_trigger
0x13 host_short_chirp_cycles 0x31/0xFF host_status_request
0x33 host_adc_format (AD9484 SCLK/DFS strap; AUDIT-C3)
(0x32 reserved for the future S-25 adc_pwdn host-control fix)
"""
# --- Basic control (0x01-0x04) ---
RADAR_MODE = 0x01 # 2-bit mode select
TRIGGER_PULSE = 0x02 # self-clearing one-shot trigger
DETECT_THRESHOLD = 0x03 # 16-bit detection threshold value
STREAM_CONTROL = 0x04 # 6-bit stream enable mask (FPGA: usb_cmd_value[5:0])
# --- Digital gain (0x16) ---
GAIN_SHIFT = 0x16 # 4-bit digital gain shift
# --- Chirp timing (0x10-0x15) ---
LONG_CHIRP = 0x10
LONG_LISTEN = 0x11
GUARD = 0x12
SHORT_CHIRP = 0x13
SHORT_LISTEN = 0x14
CHIRPS_PER_ELEV = 0x15
# --- Signal processing (0x20-0x27) ---
RANGE_MODE = 0x20
CFAR_GUARD = 0x21
CFAR_TRAIN = 0x22
CFAR_ALPHA = 0x23
CFAR_MODE = 0x24
CFAR_ENABLE = 0x25
MTI_ENABLE = 0x26
DC_NOTCH_WIDTH = 0x27
# --- AGC (0x28-0x2C) ---
AGC_ENABLE = 0x28
AGC_TARGET = 0x29
AGC_ATTACK = 0x2A
AGC_DECAY = 0x2B
AGC_HOLDOFF = 0x2C
# --- Board self-test / status (0x30-0x31, 0xFF) ---
SELF_TEST_TRIGGER = 0x30
SELF_TEST_STATUS = 0x31
STATUS_REQUEST = 0xFF
# --- AD9484 ADC sign-convention (0x33, AUDIT-C3) ---
# 2'b00 = offset-binary (default; SJ1 jumper pins 1-2 bridged)
# 2'b01 = two's-complement (SJ1 jumper pins 2-3 bridged)
# AD9484 CSB is hard-tied HIGH on the Main Board (SPI unavailable);
# this opcode lets the host adapt the DDC to the physical strap
# without rebuilding the bitstream.
# (Opcode 0x32 is reserved for the future AUDIT-S25 adc_pwdn fix.)
ADC_FORMAT = 0x33
# ============================================================================
# Data Structures
# ============================================================================
@dataclass
class RadarFrame:
"""One complete radar frame (64 range x 32 Doppler)."""
timestamp: float = 0.0
range_doppler_i: np.ndarray = field(
default_factory=lambda: np.zeros((NUM_RANGE_BINS, NUM_DOPPLER_BINS), dtype=np.int16))
range_doppler_q: np.ndarray = field(
default_factory=lambda: np.zeros((NUM_RANGE_BINS, NUM_DOPPLER_BINS), dtype=np.int16))
magnitude: np.ndarray = field(
default_factory=lambda: np.zeros((NUM_RANGE_BINS, NUM_DOPPLER_BINS), dtype=np.float64))
detections: np.ndarray = field(
default_factory=lambda: np.zeros((NUM_RANGE_BINS, NUM_DOPPLER_BINS), dtype=np.uint8))
range_profile: np.ndarray = field(
default_factory=lambda: np.zeros(NUM_RANGE_BINS, dtype=np.float64))
detection_count: int = 0
frame_number: int = 0
# AUDIT-C9: True when this frame came from FT2232H bulk format with
# mag_only=1 (the only mode FPGA emits today). I/Q arrays will be zero;
# `magnitude` carries the per-cell Manhattan magnitude from the FPGA.
mag_only: bool = False
@dataclass
class StatusResponse:
"""Parsed status response from FPGA (6-word / 26-byte packet)."""
radar_mode: int = 0
stream_ctrl: int = 0
cfar_threshold: int = 0
long_chirp: int = 0
long_listen: int = 0
guard: int = 0
short_chirp: int = 0
short_listen: int = 0
chirps_per_elev: int = 0
range_mode: int = 0
# Self-test results (word 5, added in Build 26)
self_test_flags: int = 0 # 5-bit result flags [4:0]
self_test_detail: int = 0 # 8-bit detail code [7:0]
self_test_busy: int = 0 # 1-bit busy flag
# AGC metrics (word 4, added for hybrid AGC)
agc_current_gain: int = 0 # 4-bit current gain encoding [3:0]
agc_peak_magnitude: int = 0 # 8-bit peak magnitude [7:0]
agc_saturation_count: int = 0 # 8-bit saturation count [7:0]
agc_enable: int = 0 # 1-bit AGC enable readback
chirps_mismatch: int = 0 # TX-G: 1 if FPGA clamped/rejected host chirps_per_elev
# ============================================================================
# Protocol: Packet Parsing & Building
# ============================================================================
def _to_signed16(val: int) -> int:
"""Convert unsigned 16-bit integer to signed (two's complement)."""
val = val & 0xFFFF
return val - 0x10000 if val >= 0x8000 else val
class RadarProtocol:
"""
Parse FPGA→Host packets and build Host→FPGA command words.
Matches usb_data_interface.v packet format exactly.
"""
@staticmethod
def build_command(opcode: int, value: int, addr: int = 0) -> bytes:
"""
Build a 32-bit command word: {opcode[31:24], addr[23:16], value[15:0]}.
Returns 4 bytes, big-endian (MSB first).
"""
word = ((opcode & 0xFF) << 24) | ((addr & 0xFF) << 16) | (value & 0xFFFF)
return struct.pack(">I", word)
@staticmethod
def parse_data_packet(raw: bytes) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
"""
Parse an 11-byte data packet from the FT2232H byte stream.
Returns dict with keys: 'range_i', 'range_q', 'doppler_i', 'doppler_q',
'detection', or None if invalid.
Packet format (11 bytes):
Byte 0: 0xAA (header)
Bytes 1-2: range_q[15:0] MSB first
Bytes 3-4: range_i[15:0] MSB first
Bytes 5-6: doppler_real[15:0] MSB first
Bytes 7-8: doppler_imag[15:0] MSB first
Byte 9: {7'b0, cfar_detection}
Byte 10: 0x55 (footer)
"""
if len(raw) < DATA_PACKET_SIZE:
return None
if raw[0] != HEADER_BYTE:
return None
if raw[10] != FOOTER_BYTE:
return None
range_q = _to_signed16(struct.unpack_from(">H", raw, 1)[0])
range_i = _to_signed16(struct.unpack_from(">H", raw, 3)[0])
doppler_i = _to_signed16(struct.unpack_from(">H", raw, 5)[0])
doppler_q = _to_signed16(struct.unpack_from(">H", raw, 7)[0])
det_byte = raw[9]
detection = det_byte & 0x01
frame_start = (det_byte >> 7) & 0x01
return {
"range_i": range_i,
"range_q": range_q,
"doppler_i": doppler_i,
"doppler_q": doppler_q,
"detection": detection,
"frame_start": frame_start,
}
@staticmethod
def parse_status_packet(raw: bytes) -> StatusResponse | None:
"""
Parse a status response packet.
Format: [0xBB] [6x4B status words] [0x55] = 1 + 24 + 1 = 26 bytes
"""
if len(raw) < 26:
return None
if raw[0] != STATUS_HEADER_BYTE:
return None
words = []
for i in range(6):
w = struct.unpack_from(">I", raw, 1 + i * 4)[0]
words.append(w)
if raw[25] != FOOTER_BYTE:
return None
sr = StatusResponse()
# Word 0: {0xFF[31:24], mode[23:22], stream[21:19], 3'b000[18:16], threshold[15:0]}
sr.cfar_threshold = words[0] & 0xFFFF
sr.stream_ctrl = (words[0] >> 19) & 0x07
sr.radar_mode = (words[0] >> 22) & 0x03
# Word 1: {long_chirp[31:16], long_listen[15:0]}
sr.long_listen = words[1] & 0xFFFF
sr.long_chirp = (words[1] >> 16) & 0xFFFF
# Word 2: {guard[31:16], short_chirp[15:0]}
sr.short_chirp = words[2] & 0xFFFF
sr.guard = (words[2] >> 16) & 0xFFFF
# Word 3: {short_listen[31:16], 10'd0, chirps_per_elev[5:0]}
sr.chirps_per_elev = words[3] & 0x3F
sr.short_listen = (words[3] >> 16) & 0xFFFF
# Word 4 layout: gain[31:28] peak[27:20] sat[19:12] agc_en[11] mismatch[10] mode[1:0]
sr.range_mode = words[4] & 0x03
sr.chirps_mismatch = (words[4] >> 10) & 0x01
sr.agc_enable = (words[4] >> 11) & 0x01
sr.agc_saturation_count = (words[4] >> 12) & 0xFF
sr.agc_peak_magnitude = (words[4] >> 20) & 0xFF
sr.agc_current_gain = (words[4] >> 28) & 0x0F
# Word 5: {7'd0, self_test_busy, 8'd0, self_test_detail[7:0],
# 3'd0, self_test_flags[4:0]}
sr.self_test_flags = words[5] & 0x1F
sr.self_test_detail = (words[5] >> 8) & 0xFF
sr.self_test_busy = (words[5] >> 24) & 0x01
return sr
@staticmethod
def find_packet_boundaries(buf: bytes) -> list[tuple[int, int, str]]:
"""
Scan buffer for packet start markers (0xAA data, 0xBB status).
Returns list of (start_idx, expected_end_idx, packet_type).
GUI-S1: in addition to header+footer, validate fixed structural
bytes the FPGA always emits in known patterns. This rejects false
starts where a payload byte happens to be 0xAA/0xBB and the byte
DATA/STATUS_PACKET_SIZE later happens to be 0x55:
- data byte 9 = {frame_start, 6'b0, cfar_detection} → bits[6:1]==0
- status byte 1 = high byte of status_words[0] → 0xFF
Drops false-match probability from 1/256 to ~1/16384 (data) /
~1/65536 (status).
"""
packets = []
i = 0
n = len(buf)
while i < n:
if buf[i] == HEADER_BYTE:
end = i + DATA_PACKET_SIZE
if end > n:
break # partial packet at end — leave for residual
if (buf[end - 1] == FOOTER_BYTE and
(buf[i + 9] & 0x7E) == 0):
packets.append((i, end, "data"))
i = end
else:
i += 1 # structural mismatch — skip this false header
elif buf[i] == STATUS_HEADER_BYTE:
end = i + STATUS_PACKET_SIZE
if end > n:
break # partial status packet — leave for residual
if (buf[end - 1] == FOOTER_BYTE and
buf[i + 1] == 0xFF):
packets.append((i, end, "status"))
i = end
else:
i += 1
else:
i += 1
return packets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# AUDIT-C9: FT2232H bulk-frame parsing (production board path)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
@staticmethod
def _bulk_frame_size_from_flags(flags: int) -> int:
"""Compute the on-wire size of a bulk frame from its flags byte.
Tracks the FPGA write FSM in usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v: header
(8 B) + per-stream payload + footer (1 B). The mag_only and
sparse_det bits are documented in the wire format but the FPGA
write FSM does not implement the alternate encodings yet — it
always emits 32768 B mag and 2048 B dense bitmap. The host-side
register handler in radar_system_top.v force-clamps these flags
when USB_MODE=1, so any frame the parser sees in production will
have mag_only=1 and sparse_det=0.
"""
size = BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_RANGE:
size += BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_DOPPLER:
size += BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_CFAR:
size += BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES
size += BULK_FOOTER_SIZE
return size
@staticmethod
def parse_bulk_frame(raw: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
"""Parse one FT2232H bulk frame starting at `offset`.
Returns a dict with keys: frame_number, flags, n_range, n_doppler,
range_profile (np.ndarray | None), doppler_mag (np.ndarray | None,
shape n_rangexn_doppler), cfar_dense (np.ndarray | None, shape
n_rangexn_doppler, uint8 0/1), and frame_size (total bytes consumed
including header + sections + footer). Returns None on any
structural error (bad header/footer, wrong bin counts, reserved
bits set, unimplemented flag combo).
"""
n = len(raw)
if n - offset < BULK_FRAME_MIN_SIZE:
return None
if raw[offset] != HEADER_BYTE:
return None
flags = raw[offset + 1]
# Reserved high bits must be zero (FPGA emits {2'b00, 6-bit flags}).
if flags & 0xC0:
return None
# Production FPGA only emits mag_only=1 + dense bitmap. Any other
# encoding is either a corrupt frame or a future RTL revision the
# parser hasn't been updated for; reject so the caller can resync.
if (flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_DOPPLER) and not (flags & BULK_FLAG_MAG_ONLY):
return None
if (flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_CFAR) and (flags & BULK_FLAG_SPARSE_DET):
return None
frame_number = (raw[offset + 2] << 8) | raw[offset + 3]
n_range = (raw[offset + 4] << 8) | raw[offset + 5]
n_doppler = (raw[offset + 6] << 8) | raw[offset + 7]
if n_range != NUM_RANGE_BINS or n_doppler != NUM_DOPPLER_BINS:
return None
size = RadarProtocol._bulk_frame_size_from_flags(flags)
if n - offset < size:
return None
if raw[offset + size - 1] != FOOTER_BYTE:
return None
cursor = offset + BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE
range_profile = None
doppler_mag = None
cfar_dense = None
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_RANGE:
range_profile = np.frombuffer(
raw, dtype=">u2", count=n_range, offset=cursor,
).astype(np.uint16, copy=True)
cursor += BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_DOPPLER:
doppler_mag = np.frombuffer(
raw, dtype=">u2", count=n_range * n_doppler, offset=cursor,
).astype(np.uint16, copy=True).reshape(n_range, n_doppler)
cursor += BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES
if flags & BULK_FLAG_STREAM_CFAR:
packed = np.frombuffer(
raw, dtype=np.uint8, count=BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES, offset=cursor,
)
# Each byte holds 8 cells, MSB-first bit order (matches FPGA
# WR_DETECT_DATA emission). np.unpackbits keeps that order.
cfar_dense = np.unpackbits(packed).reshape(n_range, n_doppler)
cursor += BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES
return {
"frame_number": frame_number,
"flags": flags,
"n_range": n_range,
"n_doppler": n_doppler,
"range_profile": range_profile,
"doppler_mag": doppler_mag,
"cfar_dense": cfar_dense,
"frame_size": size,
}
@staticmethod
def find_bulk_frame_boundaries(buf: bytes) -> list[tuple[int, int, str]]:
"""Scan a byte stream for FT2232H bulk frames and status packets.
Status packets (0xBB header, 26 B) are unchanged between transports
— the WR_STATUS_SEND state in usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v emits the
same layout as the legacy FT601 path. Bulk data frames (0xAA header)
are variable length per `_bulk_frame_size_from_flags`.
Returns a list of (start, end, ptype) tuples like
find_packet_boundaries, where ptype is "data" or "status". On a
false header (any structural mismatch) the cursor advances by 1 and
keeps scanning, mirroring the legacy parser's resync semantics.
"""
out: list[tuple[int, int, str]] = []
i = 0
n = len(buf)
while i < n:
b = buf[i]
if b == HEADER_BYTE:
# Need at least the 8-byte header to compute the frame size.
if n - i < BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE:
break # partial header — caller keeps as residual
flags = buf[i + 1]
# Quick reject before the more expensive size compute. The
# full validation lives in parse_bulk_frame.
if flags & 0xC0:
i += 1
continue
size = RadarProtocol._bulk_frame_size_from_flags(flags)
if n - i < size:
break # partial frame — keep as residual
# Validate footer + bin counts before accepting the boundary.
if (buf[i + size - 1] == FOOTER_BYTE
and ((buf[i + 4] << 8) | buf[i + 5]) == NUM_RANGE_BINS
and ((buf[i + 6] << 8) | buf[i + 7]) == NUM_DOPPLER_BINS):
out.append((i, i + size, "data"))
i += size
else:
i += 1
elif b == STATUS_HEADER_BYTE:
end = i + STATUS_PACKET_SIZE
if end > n:
break
if buf[end - 1] == FOOTER_BYTE and buf[i + 1] == 0xFF:
out.append((i, end, "status"))
i = end
else:
i += 1
else:
i += 1
return out
# ============================================================================
# FT2232H USB 2.0 Connection (pyftdi, 245 Synchronous FIFO)
# ============================================================================
# Optional pyftdi import
try:
from pyftdi.ftdi import Ftdi, FtdiError
PyFtdi = Ftdi
PYFTDI_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
class FtdiError(Exception):
"""Fallback FTDI error type when pyftdi is unavailable."""
PYFTDI_AVAILABLE = False
class FT2232HConnection:
"""
FT2232H USB 2.0 Hi-Speed FIFO bridge communication.
Uses pyftdi in 245 Synchronous FIFO mode (Channel A).
VID:PID = 0x0403:0x6010 (FTDI default for FT2232H).
"""
VID = 0x0403
PID = 0x6010
def __init__(self, mock: bool = True):
self._mock = mock
self._ftdi = None
self._lock = threading.Lock()
self.is_open = False
# Mock state
self._mock_frame_num = 0
self._mock_rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
def open(self, device_index: int = 0) -> bool:
if self._mock:
self.is_open = True
log.info("FT2232H mock device opened (no hardware)")
return True
if not PYFTDI_AVAILABLE:
log.error("pyftdi not installed — cannot open real FT2232H device")
return False
try:
self._ftdi = PyFtdi()
url = f"ftdi://0x{self.VID:04x}:0x{self.PID:04x}/{device_index + 1}"
self._ftdi.open_from_url(url)
# Configure for 245 Synchronous FIFO mode
self._ftdi.set_bitmode(0xFF, PyFtdi.BitMode.SYNCFF)
# Set USB transfer size for throughput
self._ftdi.read_data_set_chunksize(65536)
self._ftdi.write_data_set_chunksize(65536)
# Purge buffers
self._ftdi.purge_buffers()
self.is_open = True
log.info(f"FT2232H device opened: {url}")
return True
except FtdiError as e:
log.error(f"FT2232H open failed: {e}")
return False
def close(self):
if self._ftdi is not None:
with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
self._ftdi.close()
self._ftdi = None
self.is_open = False
def read(self, size: int = 4096) -> bytes | None:
"""Read raw bytes from FT2232H. Returns None on error/timeout."""
if not self.is_open:
return None
if self._mock:
return self._mock_read(size)
with self._lock:
try:
data = self._ftdi.read_data(size)
return bytes(data) if data else None
except FtdiError as e:
log.error(f"FT2232H read error: {e}")
return None
def write(self, data: bytes) -> bool:
"""Write raw bytes to FT2232H (4-byte commands)."""
if not self.is_open:
return False
if self._mock:
log.info(f"FT2232H mock write: {data.hex()}")
return True
with self._lock:
try:
written = self._ftdi.write_data(data)
return written == len(data)
except FtdiError as e:
log.error(f"FT2232H write error: {e}")
return False
def _mock_read(self, size: int) -> bytes:
"""Generate one synthetic FT2232H bulk frame per call.
Mirrors `usb_data_interface_ft2232h.v` production behavior: mag-only
Doppler section + dense-bitmap CFAR, all three streams enabled
(matches `RP_STREAM_CTRL_DEFAULT = 6'b001_111`). A target is injected
near range bin 20, Doppler bin 8 so dashboards have something to draw.
"""
time.sleep(0.05)
self._mock_frame_num += 1
flags = (BULK_FLAG_STREAM_RANGE | BULK_FLAG_STREAM_DOPPLER
| BULK_FLAG_STREAM_CFAR | BULK_FLAG_MAG_ONLY)
# Synthesize per-cell magnitudes once (vectorised).
rbins = np.arange(NUM_RANGE_BINS).reshape(-1, 1)
dbins = np.arange(NUM_DOPPLER_BINS).reshape(1, -1)
noise = np.abs(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 50, size=(NUM_RANGE_BINS, NUM_DOPPLER_BINS)))
target_mask = (np.abs(rbins - 20) < 3) & (np.abs(dbins - 8) < 2)
mag = noise + target_mask * 12000.0
mag_u16 = np.clip(mag, 0, 65535).astype(np.uint16)
range_profile = np.clip(
np.abs(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 100, size=NUM_RANGE_BINS))
+ (np.abs(rbins.flatten() - 20) < 3) * 8000,
0, 65535,
).astype(np.uint16)
det = (target_mask & (np.abs(dbins - 8) < 2) & (np.abs(rbins - 20) < 2)).astype(np.uint8)
det_packed = np.packbits(det.flatten()) # MSB-first bit order matches FPGA
buf = bytearray(BULK_FRAME_MAX_SIZE)
buf[0] = HEADER_BYTE
buf[1] = flags & 0x3F # reserved high bits zero, matches RTL
buf[2] = (self._mock_frame_num >> 8) & 0xFF
buf[3] = self._mock_frame_num & 0xFF
buf[4] = (NUM_RANGE_BINS >> 8) & 0xFF
buf[5] = NUM_RANGE_BINS & 0xFF
buf[6] = (NUM_DOPPLER_BINS >> 8) & 0xFF
buf[7] = NUM_DOPPLER_BINS & 0xFF
cursor = BULK_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE
# Range profile (>u2 = big-endian uint16, matches FPGA MSB-first).
buf[cursor:cursor + BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES] = range_profile.astype(">u2").tobytes()
cursor += BULK_RANGE_SECTION_BYTES
buf[cursor:cursor + BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES] = mag_u16.astype(">u2").tobytes()
cursor += BULK_DOPPLER_MAG_BYTES
buf[cursor:cursor + BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES] = det_packed.tobytes()
cursor += BULK_DETECT_DENSE_BYTES
buf[cursor] = FOOTER_BYTE
# `size` is the host's read budget; emit at most one frame per call
# (matches typical FT2232H driver semantics).
return bytes(buf[:min(size, BULK_FRAME_MAX_SIZE)])
# ============================================================================
# FT601 USB 3.0 Connection (premium board only)
# ============================================================================
# Optional ftd3xx import (FTDI's proprietary driver for FT60x USB 3.0 chips).
# pyftdi does NOT support FT601 — it only handles USB 2.0 chips (FT232H, etc.)
try:
import ftd3xx # type: ignore[import-untyped]
FTD3XX_AVAILABLE = True
_Ftd3xxError: type = ftd3xx.FTD3XXError # type: ignore[attr-defined]
except ImportError:
FTD3XX_AVAILABLE = False
_Ftd3xxError = OSError # fallback for type-checking; never raised
class FT601Connection:
"""
FT601 USB 3.0 SuperSpeed FIFO bridge — premium board only.
The FT601 has a 32-bit data bus and runs at 100 MHz.
VID:PID = 0x0403:0x6030 or 0x6031 (FTDI FT60x).
Requires the ``ftd3xx`` library (``pip install ftd3xx`` on Windows,
or ``libft60x`` on Linux). This is FTDI's proprietary USB 3.0 driver;
``pyftdi`` only supports USB 2.0 and will NOT work with FT601.
Public contract matches FT2232HConnection so callers can swap freely.
"""
VID = 0x0403
PID_LIST: ClassVar[list[int]] = [0x6030, 0x6031]
def __init__(self, mock: bool = True):
self._mock = mock
self._dev = None
self._lock = threading.Lock()
self.is_open = False
# Mock state (reuses same synthetic data pattern)
self._mock_frame_num = 0
self._mock_rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
def open(self, device_index: int = 0) -> bool:
if self._mock:
self.is_open = True
log.info("FT601 mock device opened (no hardware)")
return True
if not FTD3XX_AVAILABLE:
log.error(
"ftd3xx library required for FT601 hardware — "
"install with: pip install ftd3xx"
)
return False
try:
self._dev = ftd3xx.create(device_index, ftd3xx.OPEN_BY_INDEX)
if self._dev is None:
log.error("No FT601 device found at index %d", device_index)
return False
# Verify chip configuration — only reconfigure if needed.
# setChipConfiguration triggers USB re-enumeration, which
# invalidates the device handle and requires a re-open cycle.
cfg = self._dev.getChipConfiguration()
needs_reconfig = (
cfg.FIFOMode != 0 # 245 FIFO mode
or cfg.ChannelConfig != 0 # 1 channel, 32-bit
or cfg.OptionalFeatureSupport != 0
)
if needs_reconfig:
cfg.FIFOMode = 0
cfg.ChannelConfig = 0
cfg.OptionalFeatureSupport = 0
self._dev.setChipConfiguration(cfg)
# Device re-enumerates — close stale handle, wait, re-open
self._dev.close()
self._dev = None
import time
time.sleep(2.0) # wait for USB re-enumeration
self._dev = ftd3xx.create(device_index, ftd3xx.OPEN_BY_INDEX)
if self._dev is None:
log.error("FT601 not found after reconfiguration")
return False
log.info("FT601 reconfigured and re-opened (index %d)", device_index)
self.is_open = True
log.info("FT601 device opened (index %d)", device_index)
return True
except (OSError, _Ftd3xxError) as e:
log.error("FT601 open failed: %s", e)
self._dev = None
return False
def close(self):
if self._dev is not None:
with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
self._dev.close()
self._dev = None
self.is_open = False
def read(self, size: int = 4096) -> bytes | None:
"""Read raw bytes from FT601. Returns None on error/timeout."""
if not self.is_open:
return None
if self._mock:
return self._mock_read(size)
with self._lock:
try:
data = self._dev.readPipe(0x82, size, raw=True)
return bytes(data) if data else None
except (OSError, _Ftd3xxError) as e:
log.error("FT601 read error: %s", e)
return None
def write(self, data: bytes) -> bool:
"""Write raw bytes to FT601. Data must be 4-byte aligned for 32-bit bus."""
if not self.is_open:
return False
if self._mock:
log.info(f"FT601 mock write: {data.hex()}")
return True
# Pad to 4-byte alignment (FT601 32-bit bus requirement).
# NOTE: Radar commands are already 4 bytes, so this should be a no-op.
remainder = len(data) % 4
if remainder:
data = data + b"\x00" * (4 - remainder)
with self._lock:
try:
written = self._dev.writePipe(0x02, data, raw=True)
return written == len(data)
except (OSError, _Ftd3xxError) as e:
log.error("FT601 write error: %s", e)
return False
def _mock_read(self, size: int) -> bytes:
"""Generate synthetic radar packets (same pattern as FT2232H mock)."""
time.sleep(0.05)
self._mock_frame_num += 1
buf = bytearray()
num_packets = min(NUM_CELLS, size // DATA_PACKET_SIZE)
start_idx = getattr(self, "_mock_seq_idx", 0)
for n in range(num_packets):
idx = (start_idx + n) % NUM_CELLS
rbin = idx // NUM_DOPPLER_BINS
dbin = idx % NUM_DOPPLER_BINS
range_i = int(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 100))
range_q = int(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 100))
if abs(rbin - 20) < 3:
range_i += 5000
range_q += 3000
dop_i = int(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 50))
dop_q = int(self._mock_rng.normal(0, 50))
if abs(rbin - 20) < 3 and abs(dbin - 8) < 2:
dop_i += 8000
dop_q += 4000
detection = 1 if (abs(rbin - 20) < 2 and abs(dbin - 8) < 2) else 0
pkt = bytearray()
pkt.append(HEADER_BYTE)
pkt += struct.pack(">h", np.clip(range_q, -32768, 32767))
pkt += struct.pack(">h", np.clip(range_i, -32768, 32767))
pkt += struct.pack(">h", np.clip(dop_i, -32768, 32767))
pkt += struct.pack(">h", np.clip(dop_q, -32768, 32767))
# Bit 7 = frame_start (sample_counter == 0), bit 0 = detection
det_byte = (detection & 0x01) | (0x80 if idx == 0 else 0x00)
pkt.append(det_byte)
pkt.append(FOOTER_BYTE)
buf += pkt
self._mock_seq_idx = (start_idx + num_packets) % NUM_CELLS
return bytes(buf)
# ============================================================================
# Data Recorder (HDF5)
# ============================================================================
try:
import h5py
HDF5_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
HDF5_AVAILABLE = False
class DataRecorder:
"""Record radar frames to HDF5 files for offline analysis."""
def __init__(self):
self._file = None
self._grp = None
self._frame_count = 0
self._recording = False
@property
def recording(self) -> bool:
return self._recording
def start(self, filepath: str):
if not HDF5_AVAILABLE:
log.error("h5py not installed — HDF5 recording unavailable")
return
try:
self._file = h5py.File(filepath, "w")
self._file.attrs["creator"] = "AERIS-10 Radar Dashboard"
self._file.attrs["start_time"] = time.time()
self._file.attrs["range_bins"] = NUM_RANGE_BINS
self._file.attrs["doppler_bins"] = NUM_DOPPLER_BINS
self._grp = self._file.create_group("frames")
self._frame_count = 0
self._recording = True
log.info(f"Recording started: {filepath}")
except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
log.error(f"Failed to start recording: {e}")
def record_frame(self, frame: RadarFrame):
if not self._recording or self._file is None:
return
# GUI-S2: snapshot the arrays before handing them to h5py. The same
# frame object is also queued for the display consumer, and h5py
# releases the GIL during gzip compression — without this copy, any
# in-place mutation by the consumer (or a future scaling/normalization
# step) would tear the on-disk frame.
try:
mag = np.asarray(frame.magnitude).copy()
rdi = np.asarray(frame.range_doppler_i).copy()
rdq = np.asarray(frame.range_doppler_q).copy()
det = np.asarray(frame.detections).copy()
rprf = np.asarray(frame.range_profile).copy()
fg = self._grp.create_group(f"frame_{self._frame_count:06d}")
fg.attrs["timestamp"] = frame.timestamp
fg.attrs["frame_number"] = frame.frame_number
fg.attrs["detection_count"] = frame.detection_count
fg.create_dataset("magnitude", data=mag, compression="gzip")
fg.create_dataset("range_doppler_i", data=rdi, compression="gzip")
fg.create_dataset("range_doppler_q", data=rdq, compression="gzip")
fg.create_dataset("detections", data=det, compression="gzip")
fg.create_dataset("range_profile", data=rprf, compression="gzip")
self._frame_count += 1
except (OSError, ValueError, TypeError) as e:
log.error(f"Recording error: {e}")
def stop(self):
if self._file is not None:
try:
self._file.attrs["end_time"] = time.time()
self._file.attrs["total_frames"] = self._frame_count
self._file.close()
except (OSError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
pass
self._file = None
self._recording = False
log.info(f"Recording stopped ({self._frame_count} frames)")
# ============================================================================
# Radar Data Acquisition Thread
# ============================================================================
class RadarAcquisition(threading.Thread):
"""Background thread: reads USB bytes, parses frames, queues them.
Dispatches between two wire formats based on connection type:
- FT2232HConnection -> bulk per-frame format (parses 35 KB frames in
one shot via parse_bulk_frame; fills RadarFrame.magnitude directly).
- FT601Connection -> legacy 11-byte per-sample format (count-based
sample placement via _ingest_sample, the original behavior).
See module docstring for why both formats exist.
"""
def __init__(self, connection, frame_queue: queue.Queue,
recorder: DataRecorder | None = None,
status_callback=None):
super().__init__(daemon=True)
self.conn = connection
self.frame_queue = frame_queue
self.recorder = recorder
self._status_callback = status_callback
self._stop_event = threading.Event()
self._frame = RadarFrame()
self._sample_idx = 0
self._frame_num = 0
# AUDIT-C9: dispatch on connection type. The bulk path skips the
# per-sample state machine entirely.
self._is_bulk = isinstance(connection, FT2232HConnection)
self._read_chunk = (2 * BULK_FRAME_MAX_SIZE) if self._is_bulk else 4096
def stop(self):
self._stop_event.set()
def run(self):
log.info(
"Acquisition thread started (%s wire format)",
"FT2232H bulk" if self._is_bulk else "FT601 legacy 11-byte",
)
residual = b""
while not self._stop_event.is_set():
chunk = self.conn.read(self._read_chunk)
if chunk is None or len(chunk) == 0:
time.sleep(0.01)
continue
raw = residual + chunk
if self._is_bulk:
packets = RadarProtocol.find_bulk_frame_boundaries(raw)
max_residual = BULK_FRAME_MAX_SIZE
else:
packets = RadarProtocol.find_packet_boundaries(raw)
max_residual = 2 * max(DATA_PACKET_SIZE, STATUS_PACKET_SIZE)
# Keep unparsed tail bytes for next iteration.
if packets:
last_end = packets[-1][1]
residual = raw[last_end:]
else:
residual = raw[-max_residual:] if len(raw) > max_residual else raw
for start, end, ptype in packets:
if ptype == "data":
if self._is_bulk:
parsed = RadarProtocol.parse_bulk_frame(raw, offset=start)
if parsed is not None:
self._ingest_bulk_frame(parsed)
else:
sample = RadarProtocol.parse_data_packet(raw[start:end])
if sample is not None:
self._ingest_sample(sample)
elif ptype == "status":
status = RadarProtocol.parse_status_packet(raw[start:end])
if status is not None:
log.info(f"Status: mode={status.radar_mode} "
f"stream={status.stream_ctrl}")
if status.self_test_busy or status.self_test_flags:
log.info(f"Self-test: busy={status.self_test_busy} "
f"flags=0b{status.self_test_flags:05b} "
f"detail=0x{status.self_test_detail:02X}")
if self._status_callback is not None:
try:
self._status_callback(status)
except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
log.error(f"Status callback error: {e}")
log.info("Acquisition thread stopped")
def _ingest_bulk_frame(self, parsed: dict):
"""Build a RadarFrame from one parsed bulk frame and emit it."""
frame = RadarFrame()
frame.timestamp = time.time()
frame.frame_number = parsed["frame_number"]
frame.mag_only = bool(parsed["flags"] & BULK_FLAG_MAG_ONLY)
rprof = parsed["range_profile"]
if rprof is not None:
# Wire is uint16; RadarFrame.range_profile is float64.
frame.range_profile[:] = rprof.astype(np.float64)
dmag = parsed["doppler_mag"]
if dmag is not None:
frame.magnitude[:] = dmag.astype(np.float64)
# I/Q arrays stay zero in mag-only mode (the only mode FPGA
# emits today). Future RTL may populate them; for now flag is
# the source of truth.
cdense = parsed["cfar_dense"]
if cdense is not None:
frame.detections[:] = cdense.astype(np.uint8)
frame.detection_count = int(cdense.sum())
try:
self.frame_queue.put_nowait(frame)
except queue.Full:
with contextlib.suppress(queue.Empty):
self.frame_queue.get_nowait()
self.frame_queue.put_nowait(frame)
if self.recorder and self.recorder.recording:
self.recorder.record_frame(frame)
def _ingest_sample(self, sample: dict):
"""Place sample into current frame and emit when complete."""
# [GUI-C2 FIX] Use FPGA frame_start bit as the authoritative sync token.
# If FPGA flags frame_start mid-stream (after a USB drop or any glitch),
# finalize whatever we have and re-align to bin (0, 0). Without this the
# count-only sync stays permanently misaligned after a single dropped byte.
if sample.get("frame_start", 0) and self._sample_idx > 0:
self._finalize_frame() # resets _sample_idx to 0 and starts a new frame
rbin = self._sample_idx // NUM_DOPPLER_BINS
dbin = self._sample_idx % NUM_DOPPLER_BINS
if rbin < NUM_RANGE_BINS and dbin < NUM_DOPPLER_BINS:
self._frame.range_doppler_i[rbin, dbin] = sample["doppler_i"]
self._frame.range_doppler_q[rbin, dbin] = sample["doppler_q"]
mag = abs(int(sample["doppler_i"])) + abs(int(sample["doppler_q"]))
self._frame.magnitude[rbin, dbin] = mag
if sample.get("detection", 0):
self._frame.detections[rbin, dbin] = 1
self._frame.detection_count += 1
# [GUI-C4 FIX] FPGA emits the same range_i/range_q for all 32 Doppler
# bins of a given range bin (it's the matched-filter range output,
# repeated per Doppler cell). Accumulating across all 32 inflates
# the profile 32x. Capture once per range bin at the first Doppler
# cell instead.
if dbin == 0:
ri = int(sample.get("range_i", 0))
rq = int(sample.get("range_q", 0))
self._frame.range_profile[rbin] = abs(ri) + abs(rq)
self._sample_idx += 1
if self._sample_idx >= NUM_CELLS:
self._finalize_frame()
def _finalize_frame(self):
"""Complete frame: push to queue, record."""
self._frame.timestamp = time.time()
self._frame.frame_number = self._frame_num
# range_profile is already accumulated from FPGA range_i/range_q
# data in _ingest_sample(). No need to synthesize from doppler magnitude.
# Push to display queue (drop old if backed up)
try:
self.frame_queue.put_nowait(self._frame)
except queue.Full:
with contextlib.suppress(queue.Empty):
self.frame_queue.get_nowait()
self.frame_queue.put_nowait(self._frame)
if self.recorder and self.recorder.recording:
self.recorder.record_frame(self._frame)
self._frame_num += 1
self._frame = RadarFrame()
self._sample_idx = 0